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英語不規則復數
分類
以f或fe結尾
大多數以f或fe結尾的名詞的復數形式時將其轉為ves,如:
calf
→ calves
elf
→ elves
half
→ halves
hoof
→ hooves
knife
→ knives
leaf
→ leaves
life
→ lives
loaf
→ loaves
scarf
→ scarfs/scarves
self
→ selves
sheaf
→ sheaves
shelf
→ shelves
thief
→ thieves
wife
→ wives
wolf
→ wolves
元音
有些名稱的復數形式是改變它們的元音聲:
fireman
→ firemen
foot
→ feet
goose
→ geese
louse
→ lice
man
→ men
mouse
→ mice
tooth
→ teeth
woman
→ women
古英語
有些是沿用古英語:
child
→ children
ox
→ oxen
以o結尾
有的以o結尾的單詞加“s”:
auto
→ autos
kangaroo
→ kangaroos
kilo
→ kilos
memo
→ memos
photo
→ photos
piano
→ pianos
pimento
→ pimentos
pro
→ pros
solo
→ solos
soprano
→ sopranos
studio
→ studios
tattoo
→ tattoos
video
→ videos
zoo
→ zoos
有的則加“es”:
echo
→ echoes
embargo
→ embargoes
hero
→ heroes
potato
→ potatoes
tomato
→ tomatoes
torpedo
→ torpedoes
veto
→ vetoes
有的兩種都可以:
buffalo
→ buffalos/buffaloes
cargo
→ cargos/cargoes
halo
→ halos/haloes
mosquito
→ mosquitos/mosquitoes
motto
→ mottos/mottoes
no
→ nos/noes
tornado
→ tornados/tornadoes
volcano
→ volcanos/volcanoes
zero
→ zeros/zeroes
不變
有的則不變:
cod
→ cod *
deer
→ deer
fish
→ fish *
offspring
→ offspring
perch
→ perch *
sheep
→ sheep
trout
→ trout *
注:帶“*”號的都是魚類,很多魚類的復數形式都是不變的,但有例外
下面這些都是固有復數,即使單數也是像復數形式:
barracks
→ barracks
crossroads
→ crossroads
dice
/
die
→ dice
gallows
→ gallows
headquarters
→ headquarters
means
→ means
series
→ series
species
→ species
借用單詞
英語中有些單詞是借用其他語言的。部分借用單詞的復數跟隨外語形式,下面每行的第二個單詞都是外語形式,第三個為現時英語使用:
alga
→ algae
amoeba
→ amoebae → amoebas
antenna
→ antennae → antennas
formula
→ formulae → formulas
larva
→ larvae →
nebula
→ nebulae → nebulas
vertebra
→ vertebrae
以“us”結尾的轉為“a”(適用于專業術語):
corpus
→ corpora
genus
→ genera
以“us”結尾的轉為“i”:
alumnus
→ alumni
bacillus
→ bacilli
cactus
→ cacti → cactuses
focus
→ foci
fungus
→ fungi → funguses
nucleus
→ nuclei
octopus
→ octopi → octopuses
radius
→ radii
stimulus
→ stimuli
syllabus
→ syllabi → syllabuses
terminus
→ termini
以“um”結尾的轉為“a”:
addendum
→ addenda
bacterium
→ bacteria
curriculum
→ curricula → curriculums
datum
→ data
erratum
→ errata
medium
→ media
memorandum
→ memoranda → memorandums
ovum
→ ova
stratum
→ strata
symposium
→ symposia → symposiums
以“ex”或“ix”結尾的轉為“ices”:
apex
→ apices → apexes
appendix
→ appendices → appendixes
cervix
→ cervices → cervixes
index
→ indices → indexes
matrix
→ matrices → matrixes
vortex
→ vortices
以“is”結尾的轉為“es”:
analysis
→ analyses
axis
→ axes
basis
→ bases
crisis
→ crises
diagnosis
→ diagnoses
emphasis
→ emphases
hypothesis
→ hypotheses
neurosis
→ neuroses
oasis
→ oases
parenthesis
→ parentheses
synopsis
→ synopses
thesis
→ theses
以“on”結尾的轉為“a”:
criterion
→ criteria
phenomenon
→ phenomena
automaton
→ automata
英語中沿用其他語言的規則:
意大利語
libretto
→ libretti
tempo
→ tempi
virtuoso
→ virtuosi
希伯來語
cherub
→ cherubim
seraph
→ seraphim
希臘語
schema
→ schemata
不規則復數列表
A
addendum
→ addenda
alga
→ algae
alumna
→ alumnae
alumnus
→ alumni
analysis
→ analyses
antenna
→ antennas,antennae
apparatus
→ apparatuses
appendix
→ appendices,appendixes
axis
→ axes
B
bacillus
→ bacilli
bacterium
→ bacteria
basis
→ bases
beau
→ beaux
bison
→ bison
buffalo
→ buffalos,buffaloes
bureau
→ bureaus
bus
→ busses,buses
C
cactus
→ cactuses,cacti
calf
→ calves
child
→ children
corps
→ corps
corpus
→ corpora,corpuses
crisis
→ crises
criterion
→ criteria
curriculum
→ curricula
D
datum
→ data
deer
→ deer
die
→ dice
dwarf
→ dwarfs,dwarves
diagnosis
→ diagnoses
E
echo
→ echoes
elf
→ elves
ellipsis
→ ellipses
embargo
→ embargoes
emphasis
→ emphases
erratum
→ errata
F
fireman
→ firemen
fish
→ fish,fishes
focus
→ focuses
foot
→ feet
formula
→ formulas
fungus
→ fungi,funguses
G
genus
→ genera
goose
→ geese
H
half
→ halves
hero
→ heroes
hippopotamus
→ hippopotami,hippopotamuses
hoof
→ hoofs,hooves
hypothesis
→ hypotheses
I
index
→ indices,indexes
K
knife
→ knives
L
leaf
→ leaves
life
→ lives
loaf
→ loaves
louse
→ lice
M
man
→ men
matrix
→ matrices
means
→ means
medium
→ media
memorandum
→ memoranda
millennium
→ millenniums,milennia
moose
→ moose
mosquito
→ mosquitoes
mouse
→ mice
N
nebula
→ nebulae,nebulas
neurosis
→ neuroses
nucleus
→ nuclei
O
oasis
→ oases
octopus
→ octopi,octopuses
ovum
→ ova
ox
→ oxen
P
paralysis
→ paralyses
parenthesis
→ parentheses
person
→ people
phenomenon
→ phenomena
potato
→ potatoes
R
radius
→ radii,radiuses
S
scarf
→ scarfs,scarves
self
→ selves
series
→ series
sheep
→ sheep
shelf
→ shelves
scissors
→ scissors
species
→ species
stimulus
→ stimuli
stratum
→ strata
syllabus
→ syllabi,syllabuses
symposium
→ symposia,symposiums
synthesis
→ syntheses
synopsis
→ synopses
T
tableau
→ tableaux
that
→ those
thesis
→ theses
thief
→ thieves
this
→ these
tomato
→ tomatoes
tooth
→ teeth
torpedo
→ torpedoes
V
vertebra
→ vertebrae
veto
→ vetoes
vita
→ vitae
W
watch
→ watches
wife
→ wives
wolf
→ wolves
woman
→ women
Z
zero
→ zeros,zeroes
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